Bad News Free Essays

Bad News Letter Guidelines Tips: Before you start writing the letter, you have to ask yourself the following questions: 1. Is the letter for internal or external communication? * How close are the sender and the receiver? The Salutation (Dear / Hello / Mr. / Wolfgan? ) and the Closing (Sincerely / Best / Love / Regards? ) should pay attention! 2. We will write a custom essay sample on Bad News or any similar topic only for you Order Now How many parties are involved in the event? (a Mainland company IS NOT the name of the supplier!! ) 3. Do you understand the basic manufacturing process of a product / the product? NO Google it then!! Make sure you understand the meaning of ‘supplier’, ‘electrical component’, ‘assemble’, and ‘end product’ because components are very different from end products). 4. What is the role and duty of each part involved? 5. What is the event happened? What is the damage to the factory? Why is it related to the large consignment? What is the bad news exactly What is the real problem led by the incident in the factory? What is the immediate impact on the large consignment? 6. Is there any damage involved in the case? What kind of damage (e. g. financial, relationship†¦etc.? ) will bring to the company? And recommendations on solution? What kind of short- / long- term effect will bring between the company and the supplier? 7. What’s the immediate solution to the immediate problem? Why and How is it going to solve the problem 8. What other concerns is arose from the incident that constitute impact / damage to the company in longer term? What’s your suggestion / solution? What are the reasons to support your suggestion / solution? 9. Some of you mention about ‘customers / clients’. Where are they in the chain? What’s their role? If they are involved, what kind of damage will cause to them due to the incident? Why is it important to keep relationship with the clients? What is / are the solution(s)? What are the benefits of the solutions (in the short-term or long-term? ) Salutation| Internal or External? Dear / Hello†¦ Billy / Mr. Chan†¦ | Buffer| Think of it as an introduction of an article. It should briefly preview the main messages of the letter. The last sentence leads in to the next paragraph. | Reason Bad News| Begin with the incident Bad New Implication to the consignment? | Immediate Impact Solution| Begin with a sentence linking last paragraph’s last sentence. Briefly and clearly states the mmediate impact to the company or other party involved the solution why will it solve the impact| Longer-term Impact Solution| Begin with a topic sentence hinting this paragraph is about longer term planning Briefly state the concern clearly states why the concern can be an issue to the company explain the solution clearly and logically (using â€Å"logic transitional word s†) states the possible positive outcome. | Closing | Short and simple. Simply asking for approval / comments / meeting for further discussion†¦ etc. And be positive| Complementary Close| Internal or External? Sincerely / Regards / Best / Best Regards? | How to cite Bad News, Papers

Linear models of innovation are poorly suited to today free essay sample

Introduction What is innovation? Innovation is not creation or invention. Innovation is not a simple concept of create or Invent a new product either. It Is Innovation that Is to bulld a new successful product or a theory which will be accepted by people in the market. And linear models of innovation are a description of innovation process. It is a unidirectional, incremental process from basic science, applied science, design or engineering, manufacturing to markeung. To linear models, knowledge flow Is very simple In the process of innovation. The origin of innovation is science, the basic cience. It will increase the production of innovation when Increasing the Investment to science. Actually, technology-push model and need-pull model are all involved in linear models of innovation. However, with the development of society and the improvement of science, It needs to be deliberated that whether linear models of innovation are suited to the business environment In modern society. We will write a custom essay sample on Linear models of innovation are poorly suited to today or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This article will be attempted to demonstrate understandings of innovation and critically thinking of linear models. Linear models of Innovation and other models of innovation When people came to the world and knew how to trade in exchanging things, they were getting to know what the market is. So with the development of society, Innovation theories came out for the business environment. Linear models are a description of innovation process There are two main models. One is for technology push which means that technology pushes the development of products and the acceptance of users. People do research and development first and scientists make discoveries from those surveys. Then technologists develop new product thoughts with those discoveries, which will be given to manufacturers to check and make Into roducts. Finally, users will know the products from salesmen or see in the market. People who believe in this technology push theory will think of the more research and development they do, the more successful product they produce. The other one is for demand pull which means that demand pull the process of new products coming into market. Marketers collect ideals of new products. And then they do research and development for the products desgn. Next the new products will be produced and come to customers Ilfe. In the period 1950s-Mid-1960s the industrial innovation process was generally erceived as a linear progression from scientific discovery, through technological development in tlrms, to the marketplace (Rothwell, 1994). That is technology push model. And In the period mid 1960s- early 1970s emerges the second-generation Innovation model, referred to as the market pull model of innovation, According to this simple sequential model, the market was the source of new ideas for directing RD, which had a reactive role in the process. That is demand pull model. People got tnls tneory Decause 0T tnelr Ilmltea vlslon at tnat time. I ney tnoug nt tne cause ana rigin of the innovation are sciences. So they considered that the more investment in science, the more new innovative product would be produced. Obviously, scientific research is one of the reasons for innovation. In the twentieth century, many large corporations, like Philips, Ford, Western Electric and ICI, put lots of money on research laboratory. They built a steady stream of innovations which fed rapidly growing markets for automobiles, consumer electrical products, and industrial chemicals, with the help of science and technology and organized research and development effort. Another key factor is demand. It is easy to be understood. Consumers needs make companies change. Companies need to meet consumers needs so that their product can be sold and they can get profit. People follow the brand and watch advertisements. Branding and advertising play an important role in this model. And there is a bandwagon effect, which means innovation has been accepted by customers needs. For example, in 2007, Hyundai wanted to reintroduce Santa Feto the US market. The headline for their development program was touch the market and they visited an ice rink and an Olympic medalist to help them gain an insight nto the ideas of grace and speed in order to meet their customers needs. To linear models, they ignored the multiple links and feedback loops between the stages of the innovation process. Every stage has linked with other stages. When doing manufacturing, it can influence research and development and then when the products come into market, it may get feedback to be remanufactured. It is not a unidirectional process but a multidirectional process. And also, linear models was not aware of the interchange between research and development managers, research and development funding sources, regulatory agencies, entrepreneurs, arketing experts, etc. They forgot the networks of innovators as well. Doing successful innovation needs the cooperation of companies, science laboratories and government agencies. Schmookler(1966) demonstrated that push and pull like a pair of scissors. People can not divide them into two different parts. They should be put together to contribute to the innovation. For instance, Sonys Walkman cassette player came into marketing in 1980. Is it technology-push or market-pull? At that time, there was no identified need. But people complained about the weight of system. And headphones were the biggest technical challenge in the project and most innovative component. However it became popular soon as a personal device. One of the reasons is that people had potential needs because they disliked the weight system. And another reason is that Walkman gave people more private space when they wanted to listen to radio or music in public places. So Sony gave people a new product and people made it become popular. It is a mixture reason of both technology-push and market- pull. There are multiple links between the stages of the innovation process. Innovation is a coupling process and the coupling first takes place in the minds of imaginative people(Freeman and Soete, 1997). We can not do innovation Just as only one process. It needs to contain the push and the pull. The push is sometimes slgnlTlcant, Ilke tne Inventlon 0T laser ana nuclear energy. It will not De Tacea Dy potential customers or the scientists. The pull is significant as well, for example the Whitneys cotton gin and the synthetic rubber. However, potential customers of the scientists may face the product directly There are many other models of innovation, like the chain-linked model, continuous nnovation and open innovation. To Kline, there is another model called the chain-linked model. In this model, process will start in an empty market while new knowledge is no necessary for the innovation. When we come to a problem during our innovation process, we get help first from science we have known and remembered knowledge. But when we failed to get knowledge from our brain, we will need other demand or knowledge. The chain- linked model is a top-level model and contains much more details and variety inherent in the innovations processes. And there are more important feedback from rganizations and the world to fill in the gaps of innovation processes. To Rothwell(1994), he has a five generations of innovation model. The key features of first and second generation is simple linear models: technology push and demand pull. The third generation is simultaneous coupling model. The features is research found interaction and feedback loops, innovation a corporate task, top management commitment and patient money. Those features are all depended on the background at that time. People were finding low-cost or cost control strategies because of the reduced demand and high inflation. And the fourth generation is between 1980s and early 1990s. People focused on core business or core technologies and the notion of global strategy emerged. And also a new model called parallel model came out, which complete suppliers in NPD process and integrate in- house. Japanese created the time-based strategies. The fifth one is fast innovation. People are focusing on networking. And there are organizational or systems integration and flatter or flexible structures. ICTs play a key role in NPD and networking. And there comes continuous innovation. Open innovation is a term promoted by Henry Chesbrough in 2003. Open innovation is a platform for companies to use external and internal ideas or to improve their technology system. Open innovation can supply reduced cost of conduction research and development and it has potential to improve the product. It gives accurate research of marketing and customer targeting. Open innovation has five models: product platforming, idea competitions, customer immersion, collaborative product design and development and innovation networks. Open innovation must rely on the modern network and open source. And open source is a natural way of innovation in he software industry and that it is an exemplary and very effective form of open innovation. Conclusion Linear model of innovation ignore the openness of process of innovation, the multiple llnKs ano Tee0DacK loops Detween tne stages 0T tne Innovatlon process. so It Is replaced gradually by the more comprehensive models of innovation. In the modern society, because of the development of science and technology, people are more likely to know innovation better.

A Clockwork Orange Setting and Literary Devices Research Paper

How the Myers Briggs Test Can Help You Find a Career

How the Myers Briggs Test Can Help You Find a Career You might know exactly which field you’d most like to work in, but not exactly which sort of position. To be really successful in your job searching, it is important to know your strengths, but also to know exactly how those strengths could best be employed- to the benefit of your potential company and yourself. Here’s how to use myers briggs test  to help you figure out exactly which direction to push yourself in for the best and most productive job search.What is the Myers-Briggs?The most widely popular test is the U.S. is the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator. The test assesses different aspects of your personality through a series of multiple choice questions, with the aim of classifying you as introverted, extroverted, or some blend of both.What the letters tell youThe Myers-Briggs test gives you one letter for each of four categories. Each can tell you a lot about yourself, but here’s an outline for what these letters can tell you about your ideal career:Your w orld: Extroverted vs. Introverted (E or I). This can tell you a lot about the work environment or culture that would suit you best. Are you better at a desk in your own space and working at your own pace? Or in a big crush of people, chatting and constantly exchanging ideasYour process: Sensing vs. Intuitive (S or I). This tells you how you take in information, whether that is through your physical senses, or whether you prefer to take in information, interpret it, then figure things out by more emotional means.Your method: Thinking vs. Feeling (T or F). This tells you how you make decisions. If you’re a data-based hyper rational thinker, then you’re probably a T. And if you take all possible ends and different people’s needs and circumstances into account whenever you make decisions, then you’re more likely an F.Your mode: Judging vs. Perceiving (J or P). Whether you think quickly, make decisions quickly, etc. Or whether you like to take your time and ge t the full picture before making your move.How to use your scoreYou’ll get a four letter â€Å"score† with some combination from the above categories. Depending on your particular combination, you’ll be able to figure out which careers and positions will suit you best.For example:PragmatismIf you’re an ST, someone who likes to take in facts and make decisions based almost entirely on those facts, then you’ll want to focus on jobs that privilege that kind of logical thinking. ES could look for client-oriented positions in banking or insurance. IS could focus on behind the scenes administration or law enforcement. Same use of data, different work environment- with each requiring different kinds of interaction with clients and/or coworkers.CaretakingIf you’re an SF (or even a PF), you might be best suited to be able to use your people-based decision-making for a purpose. ES could work in nutrition or cosmetology, talking to people all day and h elping them to be their best. IS could do more one-on-one jobs like social work or veterinary work. Same people skills, fewer people to interact with.TheoryIf you’re both intuitive and data-oriented (NT), you’ll want to work with data where you take in the information, interpret it theoretically, then apply it. ES could make great managers, salespeople, or real estate agents. IS could do very well in software, engineering, and other technology jobs.EmpathyYou’re a people person. More oriented towards your intuition and your sense of what is going on than hard data or judgments (NF). ES will do great in health care or the service industries. IS could work in library science or design- working more with objects and spaces and ideas than directly with people, but using the same traits.Whatever you turn out to be, it’s always best to know thyself- thoroughly and honestly- in hopes of determining which careers would bring out the best in you.

Managing organisation and people Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Managing organisation and people - Case Study Example This study seeks to investigate the impact of various elements like ROI,knowledge management and competitive advantage in the design and the implementation of HR policies to curb attrition at Lloyds TSB.At the end of the study,a proposed process cenetered design,tools and implementation procedure will be recommended which can be used for the bank.The Lloyds TSB Bank was founded in 1735 and has since taken over a large share of the retail banking sector in UK. (Lloyds TSB Official Website). In recent times, it attrition levels have risen in the first year of an employee's tenure. This needs to be looked into for the bank to increase its customer service effectiveness and to fill its vacancy of 150 people for its Glasgow call center. This research draws its inspiration from the consideration of the research that the organization's people are the most valued asset of the firm and thus, knowledge being the primary commodity of the workforce would be the most important area to be enhanced .The research design has been based on gathering, interpretation and appropriate presentation of the facts. The definition of the research areas is supported by the fact that the data needs to be customized in order to suit and have context to the specific area of operation and improving efficiency. Owing to the various set parameters, it is imperative to use a research design that will help garner various perspectives.In order to gain a deeper understanding and assure the benefits of this research, we decided to rely on both interviews (qualitative research) and questionnaires (quantitative research). Around a total of 63 employees were taken as samples. They can be classified into 3 categories The questionnaire designed for the quantitative research was based on the feedback received from the exploratory research and the literature review conducted earlier. This was to determine the core problems of the current systems, future expectations from the system, risk involved in the implementation, potential benefits and key evaluation factors for selection. The questionnaire also contained some open ended questions as well to get the general feedback and comments. The line managers were also acquainted with the fact that the results of the questionnaire would be kept confidential and no where there names would be used. Data Analysis In this chapter we will be discussing the results for the qualitative and the quantitative research conducted with the different stakeholders of the bank to get their opinion on the strategic position of the bank and its future expansion plans. We will also be discussing the initiatives that have been taken by the management to streamline the IT operations with the bank's expansion strategy

Was the financial crisis of 2007-8 caused by failures inherent within Essay

Was the financial crisis of 2007-8 caused by failures inherent within capitalism or the changing global system - Essay Example Following the economic crisis, the International Labour Organization forecasted unemployment grew from approximately 20 million to 50 million people by the end of 2009. The Food and Agriculture Organization also painted a grim picture of the years following the crisis in their report where the incomes of the poor was falling due to the crisis while the international prices of food commodities was also high. The high food prices coupled with a reduced income for the poor means the number of undernourished people in the world rose to more than one billion for the first time in history in 2009 (Bresser-Pereira 2009, p.1). The magnitude of the 2007-8 financial crisis raises many patient questions based on why it happened, why institutions and theories put in place after previous crises failed to forestall this one, was the crisis predictable based on what many see as a lack of stability of capitalism? This essay argues that it was in fact the changing global system especially in financia l markets after the 1970s that caused the financial crisis of 2007-8 and should not therefore be taken as a failure in capitalism. Consequently the 2007-8 financial crisis associates are associated with financialization and neoliberalism. Financialization as used in this essay is a distortion of financial systems that is characterized by creation of artificial financial wealth, which is financial wealth that has no relation with the mechanisms of production of goods and services. On the other hand, neoliberalism from this perspective not only a fundamental economic liberalism but should be perceived as an ideology that is unsympathetic to the proletariats, to poor and to the welfare state (Epstein 2005, p.3). As with previous global financial crises, the global crisis of 2007-8 began as financial crises in first world countries which was caused by the deregulation of financial markets in developed countries which was followed by widespread speculation that such deregulation made pos sible. Accordingly, these deregulation policies was the historical additional fact that allowed the crisis to take place due to the behavior exhibited by the banking and other financial institutions can be blamed on the deregulation policies of the government. The state failed to undertake a supervisory role that would have identified and forestall the situation (Bresser-Pereira 2009, p.3). Gradual deregulation not only in the US but globally in addition to fragmented financial authorities and the absence of international cooperation encouraged and legitimized the thinking that financial sector had to be free in order to flourish. Both â€Å"macroprudential† and â€Å"microprudential† supervision would have proven effective in regulating the banks given that even if all banks had proper financial practices, unforeseen risks as result of small changes on a broad scale at the macro level could have occurred. Therefore macroprudential supervision would be an innovative ty pe of regulation that is suitable for central banks (Dullien, Kotte, Marquez and Priewe 2010, p.23). Part of the deregulation policies for the period before the crisis was the US Federal Reserve Bank’s monetary policy decision which saw interest rates kept at an all-time low for a long time after the 2001/2 financial period. Such measure resulted in a major increase in the credit supply that was a catalyst for the production of high leverage levels related with the crisis. Financial stability

Who is Affecter in Labor Market Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Who is Affecter in Labor Market - Essay Example Labor implies the workforce needed. There needs to be market for services provided. The labor market is unique in the sense that it comprises people who lease their time to enterprises for a given period. The labor they provide is exchanged with wages; in other words, these people trade their idle hours for paid time to that they can earn a living and buy goods and services. In turn, businesses utilize the labor to generate goods and services that consumers demand.As mentioned previously, capital, labor, entrepreneurship and natural resources are the major components required in generating good and services. The quality and quantity of labor that people provide is a significant factor in influencing the rate of growth and level of production of an economy. Employed people, job seekers and enterprises looking for workers constitute the labor market. The contact between the suppliers of labor and businesses seeking human capital determines the salaries and wages that the employees are paid. It also dictates how many people will be employed. A major feature of the labor market is the role of the unique abilities and skills of everyone. Unique talents can be enhanced and changed through training and education so that the labor force becomes an evolving talent pool that businesses hire. Effective use of skills and training of people to meet emerging demands in the market makes the process of production more efficient. Another significant aspect of the labor market is the flexibility of its workforce.